Mendel's laws of inheritance:

1. Law of Dominance or First law of Inheritance:

In a cross between two organisms pure for any pair (or pairs) of contrasting characters, the character that appears in F₁ generation is called dominant and the one which is suppressed is called recessive. (Thus there is always uniform expression in F₁).

2. Law of Segregation or Second law of Inheritance:

Members of allelic pair in a hybrid remain together without mixing with each other and separate or segregate during gamete formation.

Thus gametes receive only one of the two factors and are pure for a given trait. Therefore, this is also known as Law of Purity of Gametes.

3. Law of Independent Assortment: or Third law of Inheritance:

When the two homozygous parents differing in two pairs of contrasting traits are crossed, the inheritance of one pair is independent of the other.

In other words, when a dihybrid (or polyhybrid) forms gametes, assortment (distribution) of alleles of different traits is independent of their original combinations in the parents.