Answer the following

A. What are the salient features of Monera?

Answer: Monera are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms without a well-defined nucleus. They have a circular DNA chromosome called nucleoid and may have plasmids. They reproduce mainly by asexual methods like binary fission. Their cell walls contain peptidoglycan.

B. What will be the shape of bacillus and coccus type of bacteria?

Answer: Bacillus bacteria are rod-shaped, while coccus bacteria are spherical.

C. Why is binomial nomenclature important?

Answer: Binomial nomenclature is important because it provides a universal scientific naming system, avoiding confusion caused by local names. It follows a formal system of two names: genus and species.

Write short notes

A. Useful and harmful bacteria

Answer: Useful bacteria include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, lactobacilli which help in curdling milk, antibiotic producers like Streptomyces, and those involved in composting. Harmful bacteria are pathogens causing diseases like typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, and tetanus.

B. Five Kingdom system

Answer: The Five Kingdom system classifies organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia based on cell type, mode of nutrition, and body organization, reflecting phylogenetic relationships.

C. Useful Fungi

Answer: Useful fungi include yeast used in baking and brewing, Penicillium which produces antibiotics, edible mushrooms, and Neurospora used in genetic research.

Systematics