F. Fruit

Angiosperms produce fruit after fertilization from the ovary.

Types

Parthenocarpic Fruits

Fruits produced from ovary without fertilization
Example: Seedless grapes

True Fruit

Develops only from ovary
Example: Mango

False Fruit (Pseudocarp)

Develops from other floral parts than ovary
Example: Apple

Structure of a True Fruit

Components:

Protective wall (Pericarp): Contains seeds

In Fleshy Fruits, pericarp is further divided:

Epicarp: Outer layer
Mesocarp: Middle layer
Endocarp: Inner layer
Example: Mango

Types of Fruits

Simple Fruits

Develop from one ovary of one flower

Dry Fruits

Thin pericarp
Dehiscent: Breaks open at maturity (e.g., Capsule, Legume)
Indehiscent: Does not break open (e.g., Achene, Caryopsis, Cypsela)

Fleshy Fruits

Thick pericarp
Examples: Berry, drupe

Aggregate Fruits

Develop from many ovaries of apocarpous gynoecium
Also called collection/Etario
Example: Etario of achenes = Strawberry

Composite Fruits

Develop from one whole inflorescence
Examples:

Syconus: Fig
Sorosis: Pineapple

Fruit Types and Structure

Category of Fruit	Type of Fruit	Structure/Definition	Characteristics	Examples
Parthenocarpic Fruits	Parthenocarpic Fruits	Fruits produced from ovary without fertilization	No seeds present; seedless variety	Seedless grapes
True Fruit	True Fruit	Develops only from ovary after fertilization	Contains seeds; ovary wall becomes pericarp with three layers (Epicarp - outer, Mesocarp - middle, Endocarp - inner)	Mango
False Fruit	False Fruit (Pseudocarp)	Develops from other floral parts than ovary	Includes tissues from receptacle, calyx, or other floral parts	Apple
SIMPLE FRUITS	Dry Fruits - Dehiscent	Develop from one ovary of one flower; thin pericarp; breaks open at maturity	Pericarp splits to release seeds; fruit ruptures naturally at maturity	Capsule, Legume
	Dry Fruits - Indehiscent	Develop from one ovary of one flower; thin pericarp; does not break open	Pericarp remains intact at maturity; seeds not released from fruit	Achene, Caryopsis, Cypsela
	Fleshy Fruits	Develop from one ovary of one flower; thick pericarp with three distinct layers (Epicarp - outer layer, Mesocarp - middle layer, Endocarp - inner layer)	Soft, succulent, fleshy tissue; pericarp well-developed; edible	Berry, Drupe
AGGREGATE FRUITS	Aggregate Fruits (Etario)	Develop from many ovaries of apocarpous gynoecium; also called collection or Etario	Multiple small fruits (fruitlets) from one flower; clustered together; appear as one unit	Etario of achenes = Strawberry
COMPOSITE FRUITS	Composite Fruits - Syconus	Develop from one whole inflorescence	Entire inflorescence becomes a single fruit structure; multiple flowers fuse into one fruit body	Fig
COMPOSITE FRUITS	Composite Fruits - Sorosis	Develop from one whole inflorescence	Entire inflorescence becomes a single fruit structure; multiple flowers fuse; usually large and compound	Pineapple

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